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CONTEXT OF PSYCHOLOGICALASSESSMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL SETTINGS Psychologists have been active in the assessment of individuals in work settings for almost a century. In light of the apparent success of the applications of psychology to advertising and marketing (Baritz, 960), it is not surprising that corporate managers were looking for ways that the field could contribute to the solution of other business problems, especially enhancing worker performance and reducing accidents. For example, Terman (1917) was asked to evaluate candidates for municipal positions in California. He used a shortened form of the Stanford-Binet and several other tests and looked for patterns against past salary and occupational level (Austin, Scherbaum, & Mahlman, 2000). Other academic psychologists, notably Walter Dill Scott and Hugo Munsterberg, were also happy to oblige. In this regard, the approaches used and the tools and techniques developed clearly reflected prevailing thinking amo...

HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL ASSESSMENT We begin our discussion of intellectual assessment with a review of historical perspectives. This vantage point is critical because little can be understood devoid of knowledge of its history. Speculations into the nature of human intelligence can be traced back to the Greek philosopher Plato (ca. 428/427–348/347 B.C.E.) who referred to reason as the highest functioning part of the soul. Since that time, philosophers and scientists have engaged in dialogue pertaining to the nature of cognitive processing and intelligent behavior. Beginning in the sixteenth century, attempts were made to differentiate mental deficiencies from mental illness. Prominent philosophers and psychologists involved in this work include Jean Esquirol, Sir Francis Galton, Alfred Binet, and James Cattell. More

Intellectual Assessment Lloyd A. Taylor, Cara B. Reeves and Erin Jeffords The practice of estimating intellectual abilities dates back to the beginnings of scientific thought. Greek philosophers and modern-day psychologists alike have attempted to understand the nature of human intelligence and to devise methods by which to measure intellectual capabilities. These intellectual assessments often play important roles in diagnoses of learning disabilities, academic placement, occupational selection, and medical treatment plans. Additionally, intellectual assessments routinely have a significant role in the conceptualization of neurocognitive sequelae following traumatic injuries. Thus, the methods by which we estimate intellectual functioning, and the scientific integrity of these assessment tools, are critical to our practice as psychologists. The goals of this chapter are to provide an overview of the history of intellectual assessment and common definitions of intelligence. We addit...

The Recruitment or selection process is a series of specific steps used to decide which recruits should be hired. The process begins when recruits apply for employment and ends with the hiring decision. Though the final hiring decision is made by the immediate supervisor or manager in many cases the HRM department evaluates applicants in regard to their potential suitability through the use of valid procedures. The process may be seen as consisting of eight discrete steps, namely: 1. Preliminary reception of applications This is the step that brings together the organization with the applicant. The applicant has the chance to learn about the organization and the organization has the chance to provide all the necessary information about the job. Often a preliminary interview may be granted as courtesy, which helps the organization to screen out obvious misfits. 2. Employment tests  These tests are devices that assess the match between appli...

The discussion of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) allows a sobering look at the field of clinical psychiatry in general, and its research endeavours in particular. An extremely important aspect in the overall perception of this disorderis the cultural dimension. The very term ‘‘antisocial’’ reflects the inherence of environmental factors. Cultural relativism plays an important role, particularly in the light of the media and the general public’s tendency to easily introduce clinical terms into everyday jargon [1]. Antisocial is a very broad term; antisocial behaviour can be a coping mechanism to deal with an adverse milieu in large cities and small towns alike, in modern Western world metropolis, and in tiny villages in the Sahara desert, the Australian jungles, or Andean communities in Latin American countries [2]. Furthermore, there are the ‘‘charming’’ or ‘‘acceptable’’ psychopaths, many of them living not precisely in the darkness of jails or in the fringes of a society that...

BEHAVIOR EVENT INTERIVIE BEI Nikon Frenly Behavioral Event Interview adalah salah satu metode interview yang dapat dipergunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kompetensi karyawan dengan cara menggali dan membandingkan pengalaman-pengalaman yang dimiliki oleh seseorang untuk dapat dipergunakan pada saat ini. Konsep Behavioral Event Interview berawal dari asumsi bahwa perilaku seseorang dimasa lalu cenderung akan diulangi dimasa yang akan datang jika situasi yang dihadapi dimasa yang akan datang mirip atau hampir sama dengan situasi dimana perilaku pernah muncul. Namun dalam konteks Behavioral Event Interview pengalaman yang digali oleh interviewer dikhususkan hanya pada kompetensi yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan oleh caon karyawan di tempat yang baru.  Berbicara mengenai kompetensi, biasanya kita akan langsung membayangkan sekumpulan orang dimana sestiap orang memiliki perbedaan dalam hal kemampuan bekerja satu sama lain. Perbedaan itu kemampuan beker...

  STUDENT GUIDE TO PSYCHOLOGY Introduction P sychology, that “nasty little subject,” as William James called it, embraces the full range of actions and events which appear to depend, at least in part, on perceptions, thoughts, feelings, motives, and desires. These very processes, however, also seem to depend, at least in part, on internal biological states as well as external social influences. To complicate matters even further, influences can be “social” only insofar as they are perceived or thought of as such, and can only be “influences” to the extent that they converge on motives, feelings, and desires. These considerations, in turn, reflect or are in some way conditioned by larger cultural and historical influences. In all, then, what James ironically described as a “nasty little subject” is in fact a complex and overarching set of problems and perspectives arising from the abiding project of self-knowledge. That project, of course, is not owned by any discipline or soci...