The Five-Factor Model of personality traits: consensus and controversy R obert R. McCrae There is little doubt that the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits (the ‘Big Five’) is currently the dominant paradigm in personality research, and one of the most influentialmodels in all of psychology.Digman’s 1990 reviewon the topic has become the most highly cited article in the history of the Annual Review of Psychology,with over 1,200 citations. Barrick and Mount’s 1991 meta-analysis of job performance and the FFM – itself cited over 900 times – brought personality back into the mainstream of Industrial/Organizational Psychology. The FFM has led to novel and compelling reformulations of the personality disorders that stand a fair chance of reshaping Axis II in the DSM-V (Widiger and Trull 2007). Cross-cultural collaborations have shown the universality of the FFM and demonstrated pervasive fallacies in national character stereotypes (Terracciano, Abdel-Khalak, Ádám et al....
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